Current Affairs

Assam’s Centre for Wildlife Rehabilitation and Conservation (CWRC) completed 25 years; established in 2002 at Panbari near Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve, it is India’s first dedicated facility for hand-raising, treatment and release of orphaned/injured wildlife. Jointly run by Assam Forest Department, Wildlife Trust of India (formed 1998) and IFAW (founded 1969), it has rescued 10,000+ animals and released ~68%, supporting flood rescue, rehabilitation, conflict outreach and rhino reintroduction to Manas.

Spoon-tailed duskhawker (Gynacantha basiguttata), a dragonfly (Order Odonata), was recorded in India for the first time with verifiable photographic evidence on the Miao-Vijaynagar Road inside Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh (Eastern Himalayas; Indo-Burma region). It occurs in parts of Southeast Asia. Earlier doubtful female-only record was excluded from checklists; new evidence supports inclusion. No specimen collected per forest rules and Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2022.

FAO released Status of the World’s Soil Resources 2026 at UNCCD COP17 Food Systems and Soil Health Day, noting worsening soil degradation and weak adoption of sustainable management. Soil underpins 95% of human food; 58% regional assessments worsened since 2015 (~10% improved). Erosion is biggest issue (81% management poor/very poor; 65% deteriorating). India: largest South Asia share; 30-37% land degraded; 11% (83 mha) water erosion; 4.8-5.3 bn tonnes soil and ~8 mn tonnes nutrients lost annually; 29% lost to sea. India-Bangladesh-Pakistan: unsustainably high nitrogen surplus; India uptake 30-45% vs 59% global. Subsidies favour output; better cross-policy coordination urged. FAO: UN specialised agency; 195 members (194 countries+EU); key reports include Food Price Index, SOFO, SOFIA, SOCO, SOFI.

Bihar urged the Centre not to renew the 1996 India-Bangladesh Ganga Water Sharing Treaty in its current form before expiry on 12 December 2026 (30-year term). Signed on 12 December 1996 by PM H.D. Deve Gowda and Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina, it regulates lean-season (1 January-31 May) flows at Farakka Barrage, Murshidabad, via a 10-day rotation formula and consultations below 50,000 cusecs. Bihar cited silt trapping, flooding/erosion (Patna, Bhagalpur, Buxar), and 2,000 cusecs extra need by 2050; sought national silt policy and state role; cited Article 253.

An international team led by University of Cambridge unveiled the CosmoCube mission to study the ~150-million-year period after the Big Bang before first stars (“Cosmic Dawn”). A compact SSTL-21 satellite by Surrey Space Technology Ltd will orbit the Moon (2-hour orbit; ~40 minutes behind far side) to shield Earth radio interference and detect faint 21-cm neutral-hydrogen signals, collecting ~1,000 hours data to probe dark matter. Payload uses RFSoC radiometer technology; urgency cited due to Artemis and ISRO lunar plans.

A study in Ecology and Evolution finds dung beetle Onthophagus orpheus prefers dog dung over cow dung. Dung beetles are detritivores forming brood balls, burying dung for offspring food, aiding nutrient recycling, soil enrichment, seed dispersal and plant growth, and acting as ecosystem engineers. Dog dung yields larger brood balls, faster development and larger offspring, but higher egg mortality, possibly due to antiparasitic residues; mechanism needs study. Urban dog waste accumulation poses risk.

A controversy over the Acting Chief Justice (ACJ) of Rajasthan High Court, in office since late September 2025, has reached the Supreme Court Collegium, which is considering at least four judge names recommended by the ACJ. The collegium system is judge-made, not constitutional. Convention: senior-most judge acts temporarily and avoids recommendations; no fixed rule. Precedents: Bombay HC (2020) 18/22 forwarded, later returned; Rajasthan (2022) 8/12 cleared after Centre gave no intelligence-based objections. Letters also allege administrative misuse; CJI said such claims must follow institutional channels.

Gas Report 2026 by IGU, Snam and Rystad Energy projects 2026 gas demand to decline 7 bcm as Strait of Hormuz disruptions constrain ~20% of global LNG supply. LNG trade fell 4% in Jan–Jun 2026, with Asia facing >80% of import shortfall; Africa vulnerable. India: May 2026 peak power demand 271 GW; IGX gas purchases rose ~340% YoY (Apr–May).

Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2026, conducted by the National Statistical Office under MoSPI, is likely to collect data on digital and platform workers for the first time to estimate gig-economy size and inform labour policy. PLFS tracks employment/unemployment via LFPR, WPR and UR. Gig work is task-based outside employer–employee ties; platform work uses online apps. Economic Survey 2025-26 notes 55% gig-worker rise (FY2021–FY2025); NITI Aayog estimated 7.7 million (2020-21), projected to rise by 2029-30; issues include weak social security and income instability.

Andhra Pradesh’s Visakhapatnam is emerging as an international subsea cable gateway, likely India’s third major subsea connectivity hub after Mumbai and Chennai, amid data-centre and AI growth. The 3,600-km I-2SEA system (Microsoft–Lightstorm–Singtel consortium) will land at Visakhapatnam and Chennai and start service in Q4 2029. Google’s America-India Connect also lands at Visakhapatnam, aiding route diversification, with terrestrial fibre corridors proposed (Machilipatnam–Mumbai–Hyderabad; Chennai–Hyderabad–Mumbai).

DRDO (under MoD’s Dept of Defence R&D; established 1958; HQ DRDO Bhavan, New Delhi) with ADRDE tested the indigenous Military Combat Parachute System at Nyoma-Mudh drop zone, Leh (Ladakh). Under 22,000-ft and −15°C conditions, the parachute opened at 20,000 ft and landed safely at 13,700 ft near IAF Nyoma base. Indigenous para-computer, oxygen system, specialised jumpsuits and MCPS validated Himalayan high-altitude insertion, reducing import dependence.

Uttar Pradesh informed the National Green Tribunal that physical demarcation of the Ganga floodplain is completed along ~700 km from Unnao to Ballia across 13 districts, with 7,350 pillars to deter encroachment and unauthorised construction. The exercise aligns with the River Ganga Authorities Order, 2016 and NGT directions. Floodplain is low-lying land absorbing high flows, aiding flood storage and recharge. Under National Mission for Clean Ganga’s August 2026 amendment, floodplain is zoned into Active (≥1/5 years), Regulatory (5–25) and Warning (25–100) with graded permissions.

INS Samarthak, delivered to the Indian Navy, is the first Multi-Purpose Vessel (MPV) built by Larsen & Toubro Ltd., Kattupalli, with over 75% indigenous content. ‘Samarthak’ means ‘The Proponent’. A versatile trial and evaluation platform, it is 107 m long, 18.6 m wide, displaces over 3,750 tonnes, and has a maximum speed of 15 knots. It supports development/testing of next-generation weapons and sensors, maritime surveillance, patrolling, launching/recovering surface and aerial targets, humanitarian assistance, and sea-pollution response.

GEER Foundation study identifies Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary, Jamnagar (Gujarat; Gulf of Kutch), as a major Black-necked Stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus; Ciconiidae) breeding stronghold. Four nests on Neltuma juliflora (3-4.5 m) showed 100% fledging: 8 juveniles, no mortality/predation/abandonment; peak 21-23 storks. Success linked to 0.3-0.7 m semi-perennial wetlands. IUCN: Near Threatened; Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 Schedule II (2022). Ramsar site (2022); bund-created freshwater-brackish ecotone; Central Asian Flyway.

A high-altitude flash flood hit Nepal’s Rasuwa district (Bagmati Province) on the Nepal-Tibet border. ICIMOD assessed an ice-rock avalanche in Tibet collapsed into Lhende Khola, temporarily damming water that breached, sending a high-velocity surge through Lhende Khola-Bhote Koshi-Trishuli (formed at Syabrubesi) corridors into the Narayani/Gandak system. At least six hydropower/transmission assets, including 111 MW Rasuwagadhi, 78 MW Sanjen Khola and 60 MW Upper Trishuli 3A, were damaged, disrupting ~430 MW (~12%). Rasuwagadhi-Gyirong customs and bridges were hit, halting Nepal-China trade; alerts rose along lower Narayani and Koshi in northern India.

MoEFCC petitioned NGT (National Green Tribunal Act, 2010; disposal within 6 months; guided by Natural Justice, not CPC) to require a structured Annual Plan of Operation for endemic Neelakurinji (Strobilanthes kunthiana; Acanthaceae), directing state forest departments to submit annual plans on budget, habitat monitoring and anti-poaching, addressing invasives (Acacia, Eucalyptus), illegal conversion, fires, eco-tourism; synchronised across Nilgiri Biosphere; Western Ghats shola-grassland 1,300-2,400 m (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka; minor Eastern Ghats: Shevaroy, Sandur). Plietenial masting shrub blooms once/12 years, seeds, dies; Nilgiris “Blue Mountains”, used by Paliyan tribe for age. Schedule III, Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (2022 amendment): uprooting / damaging / cultivating / possessing / trading without permission illegal; penalty up to 3 years + fine; core habitat protected via 32 sq km Kurinjimala Sanctuary, Idukki (Kerala).

At UNCCD COP17 (Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; August 2026; theme “Restoring Land, Restoring Hope”), the US drew a red line against any international drought instrument (binding or voluntary), citing domestic/bilateral sovereignty and existing tools (UNCCD Drought Toolbox; WMO early warning systems). Developing countries led by the Africa Group opposed. The deadlock continues from COP16 (Riyadh, 2024). Chile proposed a voluntary Pilot Implementation Mechanism; Africa Group remained skeptical. UNCCD (1994) is the sole legally binding Rio Convention on land management and sustainable development; COP17 targets LDN, drought resilience and land restoration, coinciding with the UN International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists (2026).

Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) launched seven Indian Pharmacopoeia Nitrosamine Impurities Reference Standards at its first interactive meeting with the Central Drugs Laboratory (CDL) and Central Cosmetics Laboratory (CCL) in Kolkata, under “IP 2026: Perspectives, Suggestions & Way Forward”. First such IPC standards, they support detection/control of genotoxic, carcinogenic nitrosamines in chronic-disease drugs, improving quantification, validation, quality assurance, and alignment of protocols; impurities may form during API synthesis, storage, packaging, or raw-material contamination.

Third Advance Estimate (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare) projects sugarcane output at 500 MMT in 2025-26 (348.44 MMT in 2015-16; area 49.27 to 58.87 lakh ha); top states: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra; India 2nd globally. Retail sugar rose ₹48.18/kg (20 Jul 2026) to ₹55.70 (20 Aug). Govt set FRP 2026-27 at ₹365/quintal (10.25% recovery), imposed stock limits (dealers 400 t, 1 Aug-30 Nov; bulk 15 days from 1 Sep), physical verification, duty-free import of 10 lakh MT raw sugar, and advised crushing from 15 Oct; global deficit 33 lakh MT; international prices $474/t (30 Jun) to $552 (20 Aug).

The Union Rural Development Minister launched Mission Samriddh Gaon under the Ministry of Rural Development. Pilot models will be prepared in Budni block (Sehore district) and Khategaon block (Dewas district) to develop poverty-free, employment-rich villages with assured basic amenities and reduced distress migration. It uses an integrated framework at family, gram panchayat and block levels, converges sectoral schemes, links each family to eligible schemes, and supports women farmers and rural women livelihoods.

UPI completes 10 years on 25 August 2026, having been launched on 25 August 2016 by NPCI under RBI oversight. Built on IMPS, it enables instant 24/7/365 transfers via VPA without sharing account numbers, with interoperability, 2-factor authentication, QR, credit-line integration, UPI 123PAY and UPI Lite. Volumes rose from 1.78 crore (FY2016-17) to 24,162+ crore (FY2025-26); value from ₹0.07 to ₹314 lakh crore; banks from 21 to 740+; ~49% global real-time share; IMF calls it largest. PayNow-UPI links operate across 11 countries, including Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Cambodia, Maldives, UAE, Qatar, France and Greece.

Assam’s Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary (south bank of Brahmaputra, Nagaon) recorded its first Smew (Mergellus albellus) sighting during a waterbird survey, across Rowmari, Dondowa and Muamari beels. Smew is a diving duck (Anatidae), a rare winter visitor; IUCN: Least Concern; breeds in northern Eurasian taiga/boreal zones and winters south. Survey also noted globally endangered Bengal Florican. Laokhowa’s alluvial grasslands, semi-evergreen forests and wetlands form a corridor in the Kaziranga-Laokhowa-Burhachapori-Orang landscape; conservation includes anti-poaching, curbing illegal fishing and habitat restoration.

DRC and Rwanda-backed March 23 Movement (M23), also called the Congolese Revolutionary Army, agreed on a roadmap for peace talks amid continued fighting in eastern DRC. Talks involve the US, Qatar, Switzerland, AU Commission and AU mediator Togo. Predominantly Tutsi M23 operates in North and South Kivu (bordering Uganda, Rwanda) and seized swathes last year. A US-brokered Doha pact exists; Rwanda is accused by UN/DRC. Context: 1994 Rwanda genocide.

Scientists at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) developed TZ-48, a fluorescence lifetime-responsive molecular probe for early-stage Alzheimer’s disease detection. TZ-48 selectively binds misfolded Amyloid-β fibrils, giving turn-on fluorescence and distinct lifetime signatures, with high blood-brain barrier permeability and robust plaque labeling in animal models. ADxFluor uses a smartphone app for point-of-care biofluid testing, offering a low-cost alternative to PET/MRI and complex immunoassays.

At UNCCD COP17 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, India urged shifting from reactive drought relief to proactive, technology-enabled resilience. It cited watershed restoration, climate-resilient cropping and stronger early warning; about 68% of India’s sown area is drought-prone. Approach is guided by NDMA, Agriculture and Jal Shakti ministries, with space-based forecasting by IMD and Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre to prevent dry spells becoming droughts. Measures include earmarked disaster funds, employment guarantees, emergency water, Atal Bhujal Yojana (2019), PMKSY (2015) and crop insurance.

A tiger was camera-trapped in the Kishkindha hills of Koppal district, Karnataka, marking a sighting in this forest area after nearly five decades, possibly moving via the Srisailam wildlife corridor (Andhra Pradesh). Kishkindha hills lie on the northern bank of the Tungabhadra river, opposite the historic Hampi site; the surrounding plateau is ~3,000 million years old. A tiger corridor linking Srisailam and Shivamogga was cut off after Tungabhadra dam construction in the late 1950s.